There will need to be a benefit to bringing it back to a shipyard other than the process. Otherwise it will become simpler and quicker to do it the way we already do.
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I thought that using something like the shipyard to refine it would result in an efficiency bonuse, or instead of using the ship yard just make salvage beams on stations have a efficiency bonuse, that way itll give the option for players to build factory's with salvage beams and rail blocks, my idea with this is being able to slice up the asteroids to more manageable chunks. To be refined in the station factory.
I feel like this could be a way to make mining more interesting and possibly as others have commented about, adding a tier to resource collection.
This method is not intended to be faster than planet eating arrays, but simply more interesting and efficient.
Thanks for your comment :D