So, it looks like it's time for me to weigh in.
Exploration
Simply put, we need a reason to explore that's not having to do (exclusively) with mining.
As the game is, we have two implicit 'modes': piloting a ship, and moving around as an astronaut. Our ships are sufficient for exploring space, but the astronaut game has been hugely neglected, possibly for development reasons.
To improve the ground game, we need a reason to go on the ground. As the game currently is, the only real reason to go into astronaut mode is either when you've started the game, or when you're in your home base and you need to build something.
My suggestion involves the Shipyard system. Make chests that spawn blueprints for special, community sourced ships. This encourages the player to go back to base, and build and test the ship for themselves.
We also need things to play against in the astronaut game. AI enemies, like those weird bugs that used to be on stations, would help, as it would make us have to 'work' for getting to whatever loot you decide to spawn around the universe.
You'd also be wise to add mining beam inhibitors to places that we'd want to explore, so that we can't just take the easy way out.
We also need more traps and hazards. This not only enhances the astronaut game by making astronaut-exploration segments more dangerous, but it also helps with astronaut PvP, in that we can better protect bases from hostile players, and players can also get creative and create parkour courses.
On that note, the current laser pistol simply isn't going to be up to the task of staying interesting. We need weapons, and armor of some sort.
TL;DR
If you want to make Exploration great, you need to make the astronaut game great. The importance of mining needs to be de-emphasized. It's time to make the things players do more diverse.