Yrjosmiel, do you have a specific play style in mind? Depending on that we may be able to give you better tips. Do you want to just go toe to toe and slug it out face to face? or would you prefer surprise tactics? What about something less conventional such as drone carriers? 1v1 or group v group? If group v group what about a "debuff ship" designed to drain massive amounts of shield and power? Do you want to fight with fighters? or capital ships? titans? Do you plan to just fight the occasional player, or do you intend to lay siege to bases as well? Are you planning on "conquering" other factions or just fighting those that attack you first?
Every one of those questions is part of an overall play style and will determine how/when/scale of your fighting. As well as determine the best tactics and give an idea to others about what weapon setups you might want to try. The reason no PvP guide exists like others have said is the massive amount of info all that covers. And that is before we get into weapon specs, shields, effects, power, ect... Not only that, but for a PvP guide it would have to take all these factors, and mix them together in different combinations. It makes it exponentialy harder and more in depth to do.
BUT, if you can tell us how you would like your fights to go, and what tactics your partial too. That eliminates a lot of that extra work, and in some cases leaves you with only a few well known and good options to go with. IF you can figure out the "what" other people can help with the "how".
As an example, my main focus lately has been developing a drone ship that uses no ship mounted weapons. It will have turrets to get rid of pirates and Anti Missile turrets but most all damage will come from unconventional means. I have gone so far as to develop a working torpedo that is very effective. All the trial and error I do is to further my play style of commanding a "fleet" of AI (Think Protos Carriers).
Play Styles I am aware of are:
1. Glass Cannon - You try to eliminate your targets shields in one hit with a very high alpha damage weapon. Then use smaller DPS based weapons to keep its shields down and do block damage.
2. Tank - Massive amount of defensive ability. Lots of shields, lots of advanced hull. Can put out pretty good DPS. This ship is designed to outlast the opponent.
3. All rounder - not specialized in any particular way. Although it does not excel in any one area its very adaptable and with a capable pilot can rise to many varying situations.
5. Carrier - Drones will provide most of the DPS of this ship. It is one of the most expensive options that I am aware of as you lose your drones every fight. Even if you win and have drones floating around, picking them up takes so long its almost not worth it. Drones of equal mass or greater then the ship they are attacking will almost always win. VERY week when drones have been expended, weather during or after battle.
6. Modular Ships - Still a concept floating around, that I've not seen anyone implement yet. Basically you have a "Core" ship, and much of its power regen/turrets and other weapon systems come from other large docked ship parts. It was noted that doing this would allow a ship to operate longer without being destroyed and would allow more armor between the core ship and the outsides of the docked sub ships. Other then a few theory's there isn't really any data on this.
7. Stealth - From what I know of stealth combat, it mainly involves staying hidden, and using high alpha attacks much like a glass cannon. HOWEVER you will only be able to really fight smaller ships then yourself. And there are ways for a player (if they realize your near by) to decloak you. Tactics include hit and run as well as ambush. They can be great for scouting and gaining info on your enemies though.
8. Some strange combination of any of the previous. Seriously, these are just examples. You could invent something totally new, which then would need a smart person to figure out a counter.
If you figure out your play style I am sure all of us would be willing to give you some pointers in that general area.
TL;DR: Pick a style of combat you are aiming for, and we can help more from there. put the "what" before the "how".