I will add that I am experiencing the exact same issue.
I started up my starmade today as usual, but i noticed that i got stuck on connecting whether i used singleplayer or online servers, so i tried with an older starmade starter and i tried lowering some memory in the launcher (I had been experimenting with memory recently as i was getting warnings), but then i got this issue, starmade would simply instantly close with no errors or logs when clicking start in the launcher.
I tried using a starmade backup, reinstalling starmade, redownloading the starter, restarting pc, reinstalling java, deleting config files, deleting all windows registry files related to starmade, launching starmade server with the bat script (which seemed to work) and launching starmade from the console. After I learned about the -force flag I got starmade to start from the console correctly and everything works once I'm in, but I still can't run starmade with the starter.
EDIT:
I managed to solve this issue by uninstalling my 32bit java and reinstalling my 64 bit java making starmade run as 64 bit instead of the 32bit it was using.
It is a bit wierd as I hadn't done any java changes when the issue suddenly started, perhaps it was related to having tried to execute starmade 32bit with an above allowed memory limit which caused a permanent issue, despite turning the memory down again in the launcher (64 bit obv not having an issue with that).