You mean the ones to the center left of the screen? In order:
- Mass is relative to the amount of blocks your ship has, and it affects different things such as its acceleration and turn rate (more mass = more sluggish) and how many modules or power certain systems will need to function properly.
- Then there are the dimensions... I don't know if they have any use other than telling you how big the docking station is gonna have to be for you to fit in it.
- Then there are the power statistics, first current power, then total power, and between parentheses the power recharge rate.
- Thrust is the power of your engines; higher thrust = faster acceleration and turn rate. PowerCons is the amount of power the thrusters eat, if I'm right.
- Turning speed is self-explanatory.
- Shields is your current/maximum shields. PowerCons is again the amount of pwoer they'll eat, and I think "Blocks R/C" refers to the number of Rechargers and Capacitors respectively.
If you're looking to maximize your power recharge, I suggest you take a look at
this wiki page and experiment... it's complex enough that I can't explain it better than that page and faster.