keptick already gave some very good intoduction to different armor types. they all have their advantages and disadvantages. One thing i wanna add: Since the armor/hp update, i highly recommend not building your entire ship out of one armor type. It makes much more sense to protect certain areas of your ship better than others, while saving mass in spots where you dont expect many hits. For a pvp ship it makes sense to make your front armor pretty strong. Also, you should protect your center of mass, cause this is where the AI will aim and where lock-on missiles will try to hit you. So if your ship has some very bulky areas with lots of systems in it -> protect it. If you for example have a thin wing on your ship, where not many systems are inside, you dont need to give it special armor protection.
So, depending on how armor focused or shield focused you want your ship's defense to be, i'd go for one of those combinations:
Basic Hull / Standard armor
Basic Hull / Adv Armor
Standard Armor /Adv Armor
Ofc you can make a ship completely out of adv armor, it just doesnt make much sense in my opinion. Your ship will be very heavy, making all the passive effects and thrust consume MUCH more power, if you want the same thrust/mass ratio and effect %. And you will have armor in spots where you most likely are never gonna take any hits, even if your ship is nuked to under 50% structure and overheats.
Try to place your thick armor plates in smart spots to profit most from them. An advanced armor block, that is never gonna be hit doestn help you at all. In terms of armor hp/ mass you just could have added more basic hull to boost overall armor rating, while having less mass. Or you could have made your shields stronger.
Also (as keptick already mentioned) its gonna be much harder/expensive to repair a ship, the better its armor gets.