Of course you could have big arrays that fire more slowly. Have you even played any sort of space flying game, ever? For example, the space combat in Star Wars BattleFront: 2 (which, in my opinion, is near what space combat should be. The only difference being larger capship interiors, and the ability to actually pilot the capship/frigates): The Interceptor clss fighters have incredibly fast-fireing lasers that will cut up another fighter, but just can\'t do enough damage to hurt armored Landing Shuttles or Frigates. Bombers, on the other hand, have a terrible firerate, but a single shot was capable of bringing down an Inerceptor, and two would bring down a Dogfighter. Even though it was harder to place, it had it\'s situations where it was more effective.
Besides, you can always trade distance/velocity/damage in order to get a faster fire rate. I think turrets should have tracking speed added, so they recieve a penalty for every point of mass they have, along with severely nerfing the turn rate/accel all ships + 100 mass (and make it worse as the ships gets larger - don\'t me wrong, I LOOOOOVE big ships, and that\'s why I want them to behave realistically. It should take literal minutes to turn around or reach top speed in a capship.) This will put all dogfighting advantages to the fighters, as they will have more accurate shots.
Of course, you\'ll probably never end up with a balance where a fighter can fly in and attack a capship and win. No, as long as shields exist in the game, it just won\'t happen. Once the enemy shields are down (maybe add EMP pulses, or you lured them near your big outpost guns, or they are under fire from your flagship, or whatever), fighters should become important assets in targetting specific areas of enemy big ships and shut down critical systems (there should be much stricter requirements on power/connecting things. Please observe: MineCraft mod - IndustrialCraft2) with well placed missile shots.
Realistically, there is no room in the StarMade universe for fighters, except to server as AI controlled distractions. Frigates have every single advantage in the game - fastest turning, enough power to run max-dps guns, big enough size to house numerous turrets, small enough size for jamming, and can usually accelerate to top speed within a few seconds, denying every single advantage that a fighter is supposed to have by being more manuvurable.